Regional Sustainability ›› 2022, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 157-169.doi: 10.1016/j.regsus.2022.07.004
• Full Length Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Sabir HUSSAIN, Sheenu SHARMA, Anand Narain SINGH()
Received:
2022-03-16
Revised:
2022-06-20
Accepted:
2022-07-10
Online:
2022-06-30
Published:
2022-09-19
Contact:
Anand Narain SINGH
E-mail:dranand1212@gmail.com
Sabir HUSSAIN, Sheenu SHARMA, Anand Narain SINGH. Evaluation of ecosystem supply services and calculation of economic value in Kargil District[J]. Regional Sustainability, 2022, 3(2): 157-169.
Table 1
General information regarding population, household, and net sowing area of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions."
Region | Village | Number of households | Total population | Net sowing area (hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barsoo | Itchoo | 20 | 159 | 5.70 |
Shergandi | 33 | 283 | 15.00 | |
Barto | 98 | 679 | 44.50 | |
Khandi | 197 | 1456 | 104.80 | |
Barsoo | 181 | 1602 | 44.50 | |
Karchay-Khar | 115 | 942 | 47.80 | |
Tai-Suru | Karpo Khar | 17 | 133 | 8.50 |
Gyaling | 37 | 271 | 12.10 | |
Purtickchy | 133 | 963 | 45.30 | |
Khows | 95 | 756 | 44.90 | |
Yuljuk | 161 | 1196 | 68.40 | |
Kargi | 83 | 566 | 42.10 | |
Pranti | 81 | 518 | 27.10 | |
Namsuru | 108 | 905 | 15.80 | |
Panikhar | 43 | 325 | 15.80 | |
Chosker Suru | 51 | 431 | 32.00 | |
Thuls Pursa | 51 | 420 | 33.20 | |
Tai-Suru | 72 | 589 | 11.70 | |
Achambur | 64 | 470 | 30.30 | |
Tangol | 95 | 694 | 30.40 | |
Kochik | 41 | 316 | 19.40 | |
Parkachik | 137 | 1138 | 73.40 | |
Rangdum | 53 | 368 | 135.60 | |
Total | 1966 | 15,180 | 908.30 |
Table 2
Description of equations for the economic values of the provisioning ecosystem services (ESs) (adapted from Ramachandra et al. (2017))."
Provisioning ESs | Method | Equation | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Fodder | Direct market valuation | | Vfodder, the value of fodder service (USD) ; QI, quantity of fodder collected annually (kg); PI, price of fodder (USD/kg); i, number of households. |
Fuelwood | Direct market valuation | | Vfuelwood, the value of fuelwood service (USD); QF, quantity of fuelwood collected annually (kg); PF, price of fuelwood (USD/kg). |
Food | Direct market valuation | | Vfood, the value of food service (USD); QD, quantity of food collected annually (kg); PD, price of food (USD/kg). |
Medicine | Direct market valuation | | Vmedicine, the value of medicine service (USD); QM, quantity of medicinal plants collected annually (kg); PM, price of service if replaced by pharmaceutical drugs (USD/kg). |
Grazing | Direct market valuation | | Vgrazing, the value of grazing service (USD); QG, quantity of fodder needed for replacement (kg); PG, price of the fodder (USD/kg). |
Freshwater | Direct market valuation | | Vfreshwater, the value of freshwater service (USD); QW, quantity of freshwater used for different purposes by the households (L); PW, price of freshwater (USD/L). |
Table 3
Resident’s identification of provisioning mountain ESs in Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions."
No. | Provisioning ESs | Identification percentage of the respondents (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Barsoo region | Tai-Suru region | ||
1 | Freshwater | 100 | 100 |
2 | Food | 100 | 100 |
3 | Fodder | 100 | 100 |
4 | Medicine | 70 | 60 |
5 | Fuelwood | 100 | 100 |
6 | Grazing | 100 | 100 |
7 | Fiber | 10 | 12 |
8 | Secondary Metabolites | 0 | 0 |
9 | Timber | 0 | 0 |
10 | Genetic resource | 25 | 18 |
Table 4
Village-wise consumption of provisioningESs in Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions."
Region | Village | Consumption of ESs (USD/a) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freshwater | Food | Fodder | Grazing | Medicine | Fuelwood | ||
Barsoo | Itchoo | 813.72 | 134.33 | 5232.85 | 17,911.97 | 51.17 | 6755.37 |
Shergandi | 1453.54 | 84.44 | 5846.98 | 27,865.91 | 191.91 | 6293.19 | |
Barto | 4247.41 | 501.53 | 16,654.50 | 74,874.61 | 153.53 | 10,362.33 | |
Khandi | 10,492.57 | 1008.18 | 31,729.79 | 166,351.07 | 319.85 | 4828.24 | |
Barsoo | 8528.94 | 578.30 | 7132.54 | 127,366.93 | 25.58 | 764.07 | |
Karchay-Khar | 5449.60 | 294.26 | 3236.95 | 67,975.94 | 15.35 | 971.08 | |
Tai-Suru | Karpo Khar | 667.25 | 37.10 | 133.98 | 11,081.88 | 108.75 | 71.77 |
Gyaling | 1450.79 | 108.75 | 520.76 | 32,618.32 | 94.67 | 364.50 | |
Purtickchy | 6175.25 | 331.81 | 7487.20 | 115,228.09 | 767.65 | 680.65 | |
Khows | 4183.53 | 182.31 | 14,707.01 | 108,297.08 | 703.68 | 1337.00 | |
Yuljuk | 6550.53 | 247.18 | 906.34 | 26,102.76 | 225.17 | 679.75 | |
Kargi | 3257.98 | 318.57 | 700.87 | 88,309.62 | 204.70 | 1168.11 | |
Pranti | 3528.23 | 62.56 | 615.58 | 76,332.34 | 153.53 | 797.97 | |
Namsuru | 5634.85 | 207.26 | 759.97 | 47,761.00 | 294.26 | 759.75 | |
Panikhar | 2078.83 | 66.01 | 605.16 | 49,170.67 | 122.82 | 330.09 | |
Chosker Suru | 2075.01 | 79.32 | 6100.94 | 46,123.15 | 134.33 | 573.18 | |
Thuls Pursa | 1879.70 | 58.72 | 5024.30 | 72,751.68 | 97.87 | 645.98 | |
Tai-Suru | 2722.68 | 138.17 | 8714.43 | 91,554.13 | 108.75 | 607.98 | |
Achambur | 2672.95 | 171.44 | 9007.16 | 77,613.81 | 122.56 | 900.71 | |
Tangol | 3507.74 | 291.70 | 12,033.01 | 137,898.28 | 211.10 | 1203.30 | |
Kochick | 1608.40 | 94.42 | 4616.17 | 69,370.16 | 140.73 | 577.02 | |
Parkachik | 6015.48 | 472.87 | 27,764.59 | 285,975.23 | 543.75 | 4627.43 | |
Rangdum | 2309.25 | 101.71 | 11,188.59 | 121,910.84 | 396.62 | 5221.34 |
Table 5
Dependence level of the residents on the mountain ESs."
Region | Village | Freshwater | Food | Fodder | Grazing | Medicine | Fuelwood |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barsoo | Itchoo | High | Low | High | High | Low | High |
Shergandi | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate | |
Barto | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate | |
Khandi | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Barsoo | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Karchay-Khar | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Tai-Suru | Karpo Khar | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low |
Gyaling | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Purtickchy | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Khows | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Yuljuk | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Kargi | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Pranti | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Namsuru | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Panikhar | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Chosker Suru | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Thuls Pursa | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | |
Tai-Suru | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Achambur | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Tangol | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Kochick | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low | |
Parkachik | High | Low | High | High | Low | Moderate | |
Rangdum | High | Low | High | High | Low | Moderate |
Table S1
Village-wise mean consumption of ecosystem services."
Region | Village | Food (kg/household/a) | Medicinal plant (kg/household/a) | Fodder (×102 kg/household/ a) | Fuelwood (×102 kg/household/a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barsoo | Itchoo | 10.50 | 0.50 | 9.32 | 13.20 |
Shergandi | 4.00 | 2.70 | 6.32 | 7.45 | |
Barto | 8.00 | 0.61 | 6.03 | 4.13 | |
Khandi | 8.00 | 0.63 | 5.73 | 0.95 | |
Barsoo | 4.95 | 0.05 | 1.40 | 0.16 | |
Karchay-Khar | 4.00 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.03 | |
Tai-Suru | Karpo Khar | 3.41 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.15 |
Gyaling | 4.85 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.35 | |
Purtickchy | 3.90 | 0.24 | 2.00 | 0.20 | |
Khows | 3.00 | 0.30 | 5.50 | 0.50 | |
Yuljuk | 2.40 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 0.15 | |
Kargi | 6.00 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.50 | |
Pranti | 1.20 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.35 | |
Namsuru | 3.00 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Panikhar | 2.40 | 0.15 | 0.50 | 0.30 | |
Chosker Suru | 2.43 | 0.10 | 4.25 | 0.40 | |
Thulus Pursa | 1.80 | 0.10 | 2.50 | 0.45 | |
Tai-Suru | 3.00 | 0.10 | 4.30 | 0.30 | |
Achambur | 4.18 | 0.15 | 5.00 | 0.50 | |
Tangol | 4.80 | 0.20 | 4.50 | 0.45 | |
Kochick | 3.60 | 0.25 | 4.00 | 0.50 | |
Parkachik | 5.39 | 0.25 | 7.25 | 1.20 | |
Rangdum | 3.00 | 0.30 | 7.50 | 3.50 |
Table S2
Village-wise mean water consumption for various purposes."
Region | Village | Statistical value | Water consumption (L/household/d) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drinking and cooking | Bathing and washing | Cattle and other purposes (excluding irrigation) | Total | |||
Barsoo | Itchoo | MHWC | 85 | 230 | 110 | 425 |
TWCV | 1700 | 4600 | 2200 | 8500 | ||
Shergandi | MHWC | 92 | 260 | 100 | 452 | |
TWCV | 3036 | 8580 | 3300 | 14916 | ||
Barto | MHWC | 90 | 250 | 110 | 450 | |
TWCV | 8820 | 24500 | 10780 | 44100 | ||
Khandi | MHWC | 110 | 285 | 160 | 555 | |
TWCV | 21670 | 56145 | 31520 | 109335 | ||
Barsoo | MHWC | 130 | 290 | 70 | 490 | |
TWCV | 23530 | 52490 | 12670 | 88690 | ||
Karchay-Khar | MHWC | 125 | 295 | 75 | 495 | |
TWCV | 14375 | 33925 | 8625 | 56925 | ||
Tai-Suru | Karpo Khar | MHWC | 80 | 250 | 80 | 410 |
TWCV | 1360 | 4250 | 1360 | 6970 | ||
Gyaling | MHWC | 78 | 245 | 95 | 418 | |
TWCV | 2574 | 9065 | 3515 | 15154 | ||
Purtickchy | MHWC | 95 | 280 | 110 | 485 | |
TWCV | 12635 | 37240 | 14630 | 64505 | ||
Khows | MHWC | 80 | 240 | 140 | 460 | |
TWCV | 7600 | 22800 | 13300 | 43700 | ||
Yuljuk | MHWC | 85 | 230 | 110 | 425 | |
TWCV | 13685 | 37030 | 17710 | 68425 | ||
Kargi | MHWC | 95 | 210 | 105 | 410 | |
TWCV | 7885 | 17430 | 8715 | 34030 | ||
Pranti | MHWC | 85 | 260 | 110 | 455 | |
TWCV | 6885 | 21060 | 8910 | 36855 | ||
Namsuru | MHWC | 120 | 285 | 140 | 545 | |
TWCV | 12960 | 30780 | 15120 | 58860 | ||
Panikhar | MHWC | 135 | 210 | 160 | 505 | |
TWCV | 5805 | 9030 | 6880 | 21715 | ||
Chosker Suru | MHWC | 75 | 200 | 150 | 425 | |
TWCV | 3825 | 10200 | 7650 | 21675 | ||
Thuls Pursa | MHWC | 80 | 195 | 110 | 385 | |
TWCV | 4080 | 9945 | 5610 | 19635 | ||
Tai-Suru | MHWC | 88 | 210 | 110 | 408 | |
TWCV | 6336 | 15120 | 7920 | 29376 | ||
Achambur | MHWC | 95 | 220 | 115 | 430 | |
TWCV | 6080 | 14080 | 7360 | 27520 | ||
Tangol | MHWC | 70 | 190 | 120 | 380 | |
TWCV | 6790 | 18050 | 11400 | 36240 | ||
kochick | MHWC | 75 | 200 | 125 | 400 | |
TWCV | 3075 | 8200 | 5125 | 16400 | ||
parkachik | MHWC | 110 | 195 | 140 | 445 | |
TWCV | 15070 | 26715 | 19180 | 60965 | ||
Rangdum | MHWC | 110 | 160 | 170 | 440 | |
TWCV | 5830 | 8480 | 9010 | 23320 |
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