Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin, China

doi:10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100159

Abstract

Abstract:

The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment. Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development, but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin. Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national, regional, urban agglomeration, city, and prefecture levels, but not at the watershed level. To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level, we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions: industrial resilience, social resilience, environmental resilience, technological resilience, and organizational resilience. The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin. The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010, 2015, and 2020. Furthermore, the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010-2015, and significant spatial distribution differences were observed, with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region; (2) the differences in urban resilience were noticeable, with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed, whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak; and (3) the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows: science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces. This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.

Key words: Urban resilience, Spatiotemporal evolution, Entropy weight method, Exploratory spatial data analysis method, Grey correlation analysis method, Yellow River Basin

JI Xiaomei, NIE Zhilei, WANG Kaiyong, XU Mingxian, FANG Yuhao. Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin, China[J]. Regional Sustainability, 2024, 5(3): 100159.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1.

Table 3

Spatiotemporal evolution of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin."

Province or autonomous region		City		Urban resilience					Province or autonomous region	City			Urban resilience
Province or autonomous region		City		2010		2015		2020	Province or autonomous region	City			2010		2015		2020
Qinghai Province		Xining City		0.217 (M)		0.246 (M)		0.244 (M)	Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	Wuhai City			0.162 (LM)		0.193 (LM)		0.211 (LM)
Gansu Province		Jiuquan City		0.129 (L)		0.201 (LM)		0.226 (M)		Ordos City			0.267 (M)		0.308 (H)		0.312 (H)
		Jiayuguan City		0.153 (L)		0.244 (M)		0.291 (VH)		Bayannur City			0.139 (L)		0.179 (LM)		0.162 (LM)
		Zhangye City		0.125 (L)		0.222 (M)		0.230 (M)		Baotou City			0.192 (LM)		0.260 (M)		0.238 (M)
		Jinchang City		0.111 (L)		0.208 (LM)		0.228 (M)		Hohhot City			0.188 (LM)		0.257 (M)		0.263 (M)
		Wuwei City		0.091 (L)		0.184 (LM)		0.225 (M)		Ulanqab City			0.121 (L)		0.178 (LM)		0.197 (LM)
		Baiyin City		0.099 (L)		0.188 (LM)		0.203 (LM)	Henan Province	Zhengzhou City			0.279 (M)		0.449 (VH)		0.633 (VH)
		Lanzhou City		0.155 (L)		0.327 (VH)		0.347 (VH)		Luoyang City			0.197 (LM)		0.230 (M)		0.313 (H)
		Dingxi City		0.086 (L)		0.188 (LM)		0.211 (LM)		Sanmenxia City			0.139 (L)		0.143 (L)		0.167 (LM)
		Tianshui City		0.098 (L)		0.183 (LM)		0.210 (LM)		Nanyang City			0.120 (L)		0.174 (LM)		0.200 (LM)
		Longnan City		0.076 (L)		0.166 (LM)		0.210 (LM)		Zhumadian City			0.122 (L)		0.149 (L)		0.191 (LM)
		Qingyang City		0.097 (L)		0.196 (LM)		0.222 (M)		Zhoukou City			0.110 (L)		0.166 (LM)		0.187 (LM)
		Pingliang City		0.105 (L)		0.202 (LM)		0.235 (M)		Xinyang City			0.120 (L)		0.139 (L)		0.171 (LM)
Shanxi Province		Taiyuan City		0.215 (LM)		0.356 (H)		0.396 (H)		Xinxiang City			0.157 (LM)		0.182 (LM)		0.224 (LM)
		Datong City		0.158 (LM)		0.228 (M)		0.265 (M)		Anyang City			0.127 (L)		0.167 (LM)		0.212 (LM)
		Shuozhou City		0.165 (LM)		0.225 (M)		0.248 (M)		Shangqiu City			0.086 (L)		0.116 (L)		0.156 (L)
		Xinzhou City		0.103 (L)		0.221 (M)		0.263 (M)		Hebi City			0.111 (L)		0.173 (LM)		0.191 (LM)
		Lvliang City		0.151 (L)		0.208 (L)		0.237 (M)		Puyang City			0.134 (L)		0.177 (LM)		0.209 (LM)
		Linfen City		0.126 (L)		0.201 (LM)		0.235 (M)		Jiaozuo City			0.146 (L)		0.167 (LM)		0.188 (LM)
		Jincheng City		0.152 (L)		0.214 (LM)		0.255 (M)		Kaifeng City			0.112 (L)		0.158 (LM)		0.202 (LM)
		Jinzhong City		0.169 (LM)		0.237 (M)		0.275 (M)		Pingdingshan City			0.137 (L)		0.167 (LM)		0.189 (LM)
		Changzhi City		0.181 (LM)		0.245 (M)		0.257 (M)		Xuchang City			0.238 (M)		0.279 (M)		0.214 (LM)
		Yuncheng City		0.158 (LM)		0.211 (LM)		0.233 (M)		Luohe City			0.129 (L)		0.162 (LM)		0.187 (LM)
		Yangquan City		0.131 (L)		0.224 (M)		0.234 (M)	Shandong Province	Jinan City			0.230 (M)		0.347 (H)		0.519 (VH)
Shaanxi Province		Xi’an City		0.288 (H)		0.459 (VH)		0.655 (VH)		Heze City			0.130 (L)		0.175 (LM)		0.237 (M)
		Tongchuan City		0.117 (L)		0.207 (LM)		0.252 (M)		Liaocheng City			0.152 (L)		0.193 (LM)		0.216 (M)
		Baoji City		0.123 (L)		0.228 (M)		0.250 (M)		Dezhou City			0.179 (LM)		0.206 (LM)		0.243 (M)
		Hanzhong City		0.106 (L)		0.205 (LM)		0.230 (M)		Jining City			0.172 (LM)		0.231 (M)		0.306 (H)
Shaanxi Province	Ankang City		0.105 (L)		0.209 (LM)		0.224 (M)		Shandong Province		Zaozhuang City	0.149 (L)		0.201 (LM)		0.235 (M)
	Shangluo City		0.112 (L)		0.179 (LM)		0.220 (M)				Linyi City	0.265 (M)		0.253 (M)		0.306 (H)
	Xianyang City		0.225 (M)		0.269 (M)		0.328 (H)				Tai’an City	0.182 (LM)		0.223 (M)		0.262 (M)
	Weinan City		0.123 (L)		0.206 (LM)		0.228 (M)				Weifang City	0.177 (LM)		0.249 (M)		0.309 (H)
	Yan’an City		0.116 (L)		0.214 (LM)		0.257 (M)				Dongying City	0.203 (LM)		0.257 (M)		0.274 (M)
	Yulin City		0.129 (L)		0.269 (M)		0.275 (M)				Zibo City	0.200 (LM)		0.260 (M)		0.315 (H)
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region	Yinchuan City		0.146 (L)		0.263 (M)		0.306 (H)				Binzhou City	0.155 (L)		0.220 (M)		0.265 (M)
	Shizuishan City		0.147 (L)		0.221 (M)		0.263 (M)				Rizhao City	0.182 (LM)		0.232 (M)		0.254 (M)
	Wuzhong City		0.104 (L)		0.202 (LM)		0.229 (M)				Qingdao City	0.338 (H)		0.388 (H)		0.515 (VH)
	Guyuan City		0.125 (L)		0.191 (LM)		0.253 (M)				Yantai City	0.211 (L)		0.288 (H)		0.342 (H)
	Zhongwei City		0.118 (L)		0.195 (LM)		0.232 (M)				Weihai City	0.245 (M)		0.308 (VH)		0.327 (VH)

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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Target level	Element Layer	Indicator layer	Weighting	Measuring characteristic	Unit
Integrated urban resilience	Industrial resilience	Economic redundancy	0.035	Redundancy	CNY
		Proportion of added value in the tertiary industry	0.024	Efficiency	%
		General fiscal budget revenue	0.133	Stability	CNY
		Per capita disposable income of urban residents	0.054	Adaptability	CNY
	Social resilience	Population density	0.019	Stability	persons/km²
		Number of healthcare beds per capita	0.014	Redundancy	sheet/person
		Urban registered unemployment rate	0.059	Stability	%
		Level of social and medical coverage	0.056	Stability	%
	Environmental resilience	Area of park green space per capita	0.027	Redundancy	m²
		Green space coverage in built-up areas	0.005	Efficiency	%
		Urban sewage treatment capacity	0.004	Adaptability	-
		Domestic waste treatment capacity	0.119	Adaptability	-
	Technological resilience	Area of roads per capita	0.042	Redundancy	m²
		Density of drainage pipes in built-up areas	0.037	Redundancy	km/km²
		Gas penetration rate	0.008	Efficiency	%
		Proportion of urban construction land	0.138	Adaptability	%
	Organizational resilience	Proportion of employees in public administration and social organizations	0.028	Organizational	%
	Organizational resilience	Investment in the construction of municipal utilities	0.200	Adaptability	CNY

Urban resilience system	2010	2015	2020
Industrial resilience	0.290^***	0.294^***	0.296^***
Social resilience	0.247^***	0.725^***	0.733^***
Environmental resilience	0.168^***	0.089^*	0.072
Technological resilience	0.179^***	0.272^***	0.131^**
Organizational resilience	0.000	-0.001	-0.065
Integrated resilience	0.246^***	0.100^*	0.047

Influencing factor	2010	2015	2020
Openness	0.904	0.891	0.895
Market forces	0.716	0.710	0.696
Administrative power	0.928	0.940	0.943
Science and technology level	0.955	0.971	0.963