Land tenure security, place satisfaction and loyalty in the peri-urban area of Ibadan City, Nigeria

doi:10.1016/j.regsus.2022.11.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Land tenure security is pertinent to achieving the sustainable development agenda in cities where land is needed and useful for development purposes. Sufficient empirical research has been done to prove the importance of tenure security for investment, resilience, conservation, food security, as well as health and well-being, but it has not been clarified if and how land tenure security could adequately influence place loyalty and satisfaction with the residential environment, as it is clear that place loyalty and satisfaction are pertinent to inclusive development. Using the case of Ibadan City, the study examined how different dimensions of tenure security could determine residents’ place loyalty and satisfaction. The study employed a survey cross-sectional research design to distribute 514 structured questionnaires to household heads across 4 sampled peri-urban local government areas while 452 were retrieved for analysis. Hierarchical regression analysis model was employed to understand the association between tenure security dimensions and satisfaction (as model I) and loyalty (as model II). For model I, F=8.640, P=0.000, R=0.555, and R²=0.308 were obtained; while for model II, F=9.157, P=0.001, R=0.415, and R²=0.173 were acquired. This thus means that residents’ place loyalty and satisfaction can partly be explained by tenure security. In particular, respondents with no eviction experience, recognized property rights, and invulnerable to eviction have higher odds of being satisfied and loyal. Therefore, we recommend protection, improvement, and upgrading of land tenure security as one of the means to promote place loyalty and satisfaction, which is essential to achieving inclusive and sustainable development.

Key words: Land tenure security, Place satisfaction, Place loyalty, Urban governance, Peri-urban area, Sustainability, African city

Taiwo Oladapo BABALOLA. Land tenure security, place satisfaction and loyalty in the peri-urban area of Ibadan City, Nigeria[J]. Regional Sustainability, 2022, 3(4): 346-355.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 87

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Variable	Classfication	Number (n)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Female	187	41.4
Sex	Male	265	58.6
Age	18-25 years old	37	8.2
	26-40 years old	151	33.4
	41-60 years old	172	38.0
	>60 years old	92	20.4
Educational level	No formal education	17	3.8
	Primary education	41	9.1
	Secondary education	133	29.4
	Tertiary education	237	52.4
	Postgraduate	24	5.3
Household size	1-4 persons	200	44.2
	5-8 persons	213	47.2
	9-14 persons	35	7.7
	>14 persons	4	0.9
Nature of work	Trader	100	22.1
	Civil servant	86	19.0
	Farmer	21	4.6
	Transporter	9	2.0
	Cleric	66	14.6
	Retiree	108	23.9
	Business owner	51	11.3
	Students	11	2.4
Average monthly income	<60 USD	188	41.6
	60-160 USD	152	33.6
	161-300 USD	80	17.7
	301-500 USD	24	5.3
	>500 USD	8	1.8
Religion	Christianity	286	63.3
	Islam	162	35.8
	Other religions	4	0.9

Variable	Option	Recoded to dummy	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)	Form of tenure security
Duration of stay	<5 years	Not yet secure (0)	146	32.3	de facto tenure security
	5-10 years	Secure (1)	165	36.5
	11-20 years	Secure (1)	95	21.0
	>20 years	Secure (1)	46	10.2
Tenure status	Tenant	Not secure (0)	170	37.6	de facto tenure security
Tenure status	House owner	Secure (1)	279	61.7	de facto tenure security
Any experience with either eviction or land grabbing	Yes	Not secure (0)	105	23.2	de facto tenure security
Any experience with either eviction or land grabbing	No	Secure (1)	344	76.1	de facto tenure security
Vulnerability to eviction and/or land grabbing	Very vulnerable	Not secure (0)	44	9.7	Perceived security
	Vulnerable	Not secure (0)	130	28.8
	Less vulnerable	Not secure (0)	187	41.4
	Not vulnerable	Secure (1)	90	19.9
Recognition of property rights by the community and/or neighbour	Yes	Secure (1)	291	64.4	de facto tenure security
	No	Not secure (0)	106	23.5
	Not sure	Not secure (0)	42	9.2
	To some extent	Not secure (0)	13	2.9
Perception of tenure security	Very secure	Secure (1)	101	22.3	Perceived security
	Secure	Secure (1)	247	54.6
	Less secure	Not secure (0)	95	21.0
	Not secure	Not secure (0)	6	1.33
Legal title in possession	Certificate of occupancy	Secure (1)	100	22.1	de jure tenure security
	Original and/or registered survey	Secure (1)	51	11.3
	Lawyer agreement	Not secure (0)	202	44.7
	Planning approval	Secure (1)	98	21.7
	Receipt of purchase	Not secure (0)	1	0.2

Variable	Option	Recoded to dummy	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Place satisfaction	Highly satisfied	Satisfied (1)	112	24.8
	Satisfied	Satisfied (1)	241	53.3
	Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied	Not satisfied (0)	37	8.2
	Not satisfied	Not satisfied (0)	57	12.6
	Highly dissatisfied	Not satisfied (0)	5	1.1
Place loyalty	I can recommend the peri-urban areas of Ibadan City to others	Loyal (1)	285	63.0
	I will always support the development of the peri-urban areas of Ibadan City	Loyal (1)	121	26.8
	I don’t have an option of another place	Not loyal (0)	22	4.9
	I don’t like this place	Not loyal (0)	24	5.3

Predictor variable		Model I (place satisfaction)		Model II (place loyalty)
Predictor variable		b	P	b	P
Tenure status		0.125	0.001^*	0.001	0.972
Eviction experience		0.235	0.000^*	0.121	0.001^*
Vulnerability to eviction/land grabbing		0.202	0.000^*	0.012	0.692
Duration of stay		0.186	0.000^*	0.048	0.216
Recognition of property rights		0.157	0.000^*	0.021	0.541
Perception of tenure security		0.053	0.245	0.056	0.120
Legal title in possession		0.011	0.791	0.099	0.002^*
Tenure status		0.115	0.003^*	0.004	0.885
Eviction experience		0.268	0.000^*	0.127	0.000^*
Vulnerability to eviction and/or land grabbing		0.184	0.000^*	0.037	0.212
Duration of stay		0.279	0.000^*	0.144	0.000^*
Recognition of property rights		0.182	0.000^*	0.038	0.261
Perception of tenure security		0.014	0.744	0.037	0.285
Legal title in possession		0.040	0.320	0.108	0.001^*
Sex		0.094	0.017^*	0.079	0.011^*
Age		0.005	0.808	0.088	0.000^*
Educational level		0.019	0.377	0.054	0.002^*
Religion		0.103	0.007^*	0.082	0.006^*
Average monthly income		0.083	0.000^*	0.029	0.067
Model summary
Dependent variable	Model	R	R²	F	P
Place satisfaction	No control	0.447	0.200	15.624	0.000
Place satisfaction	Control	0.555	0.308	8.640	0.000
Place loyalty	No control	0.230	0.534	3.756	0.001
Place loyalty	Control	0.415	0.173	9.157	0.001