A system-integrated approach for the design of tourist areas at the local level under changing conditions: A case study in the Altay Mountains

doi:10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100142

Abstract

Abstract:

The existing approaches for the design of tourist areas often lead to limited flexibility in project implementation. To realize a more flexible approach, in this study, we formulated a model for planning and designing tourist areas at the local level. Moreover, specific tools for analyzing tourist areas and ensuring sustainable development under changing conditions were developed. This study was conducted in two tourist regions, Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex and Belokurikha destination (including Belokurikha City with Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex and surrounding areas), in the Altay Mountains. We employed the recreation opportunity spectrum and proposed a system-integrated programming approach for the design of tourist areas at the destination and site levels. The key of this approach was the collection and analysis of current spatial data, including the spatial distribution of attractions and visitor flows. We constructed heat maps using video recording and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observation data. Moreover, we analyzed the video stream using an image-analyzing framework You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 software. The heat map of visitor flows based on video recording data in the Andreevskaya Sloboda museum of Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex allowed us to highlight the most attractive sites in this area and classify them into one of three types: points of functional concentration, points of transitional concentration, and points of attractions. The heat maps in Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex, created using UAV observation data, allowed us to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of visitor flows and tourists’ preferences throughout the day within four time intervals: 09:00-12:00, 13:00-14:00, 14:00-15:00, and 16:00-18:00 (LST). The maximum visitor flow density occurred from 16:00 to 18:00 in the beach area of the artificial lake. A comparison between the visitor-concentrated sites and the current facilities provided insights into the demand for attractions and facilities and the lacking areas. Heat maps are useful in analyzing the land use at the site level, while zoning based on the recreation opportunity spectrum can be used to design tourist areas at the destination level. The proposed methods for analyzing the use of tourist areas contribute to the development of adaptive tourism design.

Key words: Tourism planning, Tourist areas, Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Visitor flows, Heat map, Altay Mountains

Alexandr Nikolaevich DUNETS, Evgeniya Mikhailovna TABAKAEVA, HAN Fang. A system-integrated approach for the design of tourist areas at the local level under changing conditions: A case study in the Altay Mountains[J]. Regional Sustainability, 2024, 5(2): 100142.

Figures/Tables 11

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Table 1

Parameters for the design of tourist areas."

Parameter	Description
Tourist activity	The elementary activities of tourists (tourist activities) together form the types of tourism in an area. The list of tourist activities, which includes thousands of varieties, varies among different destinations. Sociological studies make it possible to determine the types of tourists for certain tourist activities.
Attraction	Attractions include points of interest of various types: both the attractions themselves and sites with landscape attractiveness. In addition, there are facilities with a temporary concentration of visitor flows owing to functional needs. The assessment of the attractiveness level of sites is related to their significance for tourism development, including global, national, interregional, and regional significance.
Type of tourist areas	Researchers can determine the types of tourist areas according to the tourist development degree of the area (from initial development to intensive development) and the life cycle of the destination (Butler, 1980). The opportunities that the area provides for a tourist experience are another important characteristic.
Functional zone in the area	Functional zones are determined considering the requirements of urban planning legislation, the spatial distribution of attractions, and the needs of tourists. Zoning provides scenarios at the destination level.
Scenario at the site level	Within the allocated functional zones, scenarios of tourist programs are formed. These scenarios consist of a combination of the types of tourist activities and their spatial distribution. For example, at the site level, summer and winter scenarios for tourist programs can be distinguished. During the process of design, identifying current and potential scenarios for tourist programs of a site is necessary.
Tourist facility	When analysing tourist facilities, it is necessary to consider the following issues: firstly, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the current tourist facilities of the site and their correspondence to activities and types of tourism; secondly, the degree of correspondence between tourist facilities and functional zones, the types of areas, the types of tourists, and the types of tourist activities; thirdly, the facilities for the conservation and development of attractions; and lastly, the life cycle stage of tourist facilities (including creation of a new object, long-term operation, and renovation).

Table 1

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