Regional Sustainability >

2023 , Vol. 4 >Issue 4: 405 - 415

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsus.2023.11.003

Full Length Article

Toward a sustainable future: Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), urbanization, trade openness, economic growth, and energy usage in Australia

  • Liton Chandra VOUMIK ,
  • Md. Hasanur RAHMAN ,
  • Md. Maznur RAHMAN ,
  • Mohammad RIDWAN ,
  • Salma AKTER ,
  • Asif RAIHAN
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  • aDepartment of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
    bDepartment of Economics, Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib University, Jamalpur, 2000, Bangladesh
    cDepartment of Economics, Comilla University, Cumilla, 3506, Bangladesh
    dInstitute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
* E-mail address: hasanur.cou@gmail.com (M.H. RAHMAN).

Received date: 2023-05-13

  Revised date: 2023-08-20

  Accepted date: 2023-11-16

  Online published: 2024-01-09

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Abstract

The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth. This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade openness, urbanization, and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators (WDI) from 1972 to 2021. The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth, FDI, trade openness, urbanization, and energy usage, which was traced through the autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL). The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage, economic growth, FDI, urbanization, and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993, 1996, 1982, 2008, and 1994, respectively. The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run (0.814) and short-run (0.809). Moreover, the results also show that FDI (0.028) and trade openness (0.043) have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run. However, urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run (-0.965). Then, the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness, with energy usage significantly causing trade openness. The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources. These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.

Key words： Renewable energy; Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); Trade openness; Urbanization; Climate change Marshallian Demand Function

Cite this article

Liton Chandra VOUMIK , Md. Hasanur RAHMAN , Md. Maznur RAHMAN , Mohammad RIDWAN , Salma AKTER , Asif RAIHAN . Toward a sustainable future: Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), urbanization, trade openness, economic growth, and energy usage in Australia[J]. Regional Sustainability, 2023 , 4(4) : 405 -415 . DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2023.11.003

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